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الصراع بين البورجوازية والإقطاع ١٧٨٩–١٨٤٨م (المجلد الثالث)
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Mohamed Fouad ShoukryNumber Of Downloads:
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Arabic
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420
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Book Description
شهدت المجتمعات الأوروبية وخاصة فرنسا قُبيل اندلاع الثورة الفرنسية عام ١٧٨٩م انقسامًا كبيرًا بين طبقتين؛ الإقطاعية القديمة؛ والتي تتمثل في المَلِك والنبلاء وكبار مُلاك الأراضي الزراعية، وكانت تحكم البلاد حكمًا مطلقًا، فضلًا عن سيطرتها الكاملة على كافة أمور البلاد. والبورجوازية المتوسطة المثقفة الجديدة، والتي كانت تسعى بكل جهدها لأجل السيطرة على مقدرات البلاد السياسية والاقتصادية. وقد أدى هذا الانقسام إلى إشعال نيران الثورة، التي هيأت السبيل لنشر مبادئ «الحرية والإخاء والمساواة» في العالم أجمع. وإذا كانت قوى الإقطاع قد نجحت بالفعل في إخماد الثورة، وتمكنت أيضًا من تصفية حكم نابليون بعد ذلك، بهدف الحفاظ على توازن القوى فيما بينها، إلا أنها شهدت صراعًا مريرًا بينها وبين حركات القومية الوطنية وأنصار الحرية في شتى أرجاء أوروبا دام حتى عام ١٨٤٨م.
Mohamed Fouad Shoukry
Mohamed Fouad Shoukry is an Egyptian historian. His studies were characterized by their reliance on accurate and reliable information. Which gave it a great historical value. He was very interested in historical studies that serve national and Arab national issues, as well as national issues in Europe. He joined the Higher Teachers' House and graduated in 1927, and obtained a master's degree in modern history from the University of Liverpool in 1931, and a doctorate from the same university in 1935 on the subject of "Ismail and the slaves in Sudan". He taught at the Faculty of Arts, Cairo University for nearly a quarter of a century, in addition to being seconded as an inspector for secondary education at the Ministry of Education in 1941. Because of his valuable historical writings and opinions, the Egyptian delegation to the United Nations relied on him when the Egyptian-Sudanese issue was presented to the Security Council in 1947 AD. Libya also relied a lot on his papers in which he defended its cause valiantly, and demanded independence, and it was necessary and sought to achieve that. The British authorities expelled him from Libya in 1951 AD. He is the author of many books, including: “Egypt and Sudan: A History of the Nile Valley’s Political Unity 1820-1899 AD”, “Egyptian Rule in the Sudan”, “Senussi Religion and State”, “The Birth of the Modern State of Libya: Documents for Its Liberation and Independence”, and “ The French Campaign and the Exodus of the French from Egypt", "The Struggle between the Bourgeoisie and Feudalism 1789-1848AD", "Abdullah Jacques Mino", "Egypt and Sovereignty over the Sudan: The Historical Status of the Question", and "Nazi Germany". He passed away in 1963 AD, after suffering from a serious illness that had been battling it for more than three years.
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