Carbohydrates have long been disregarded by the scientific community due to their complex structure and a lack of suitable experimental methods for structure determination. This book provides an overview of the structure, function, and application of carbohydrate-modifying biocatalysts. It explores glycoconjugates and carbohydrate-modifying enzymes. Basics in Carbohydrate Chemistry. Glycoconjugates: An Overview. Oligosaccharides and Glycoconjugates in Recognition Processes. Glycoside Hydrolases. Disaccharide Phosphorylases: Mechanistic Diversity and Application in Glycosciences. Enzymatic and Chemo-Enzymatic Synthesis of Nucleotide Sugars: Novel Enzymes, Novel Substrates, Novel Products, and Novel Routs. Iteratively Acting Glycosyltransferases. Bacterial Glycosyltransferases Involved in Molecular Mimicry of Mammalian Glycans. Sulfotransferases and Sulfatases: Sulfate Modification of Carbohydrates. Glycosylation in Health and Disease.